JOURNAL OF CHARACTERIZATION, Year 2023 Issue 1

Evaluation of Fly Ash and Borogypsum as Building Material

Atilla EVCİNFazıl İlhan — 2026-07-16

Boron wastes occur during the processing of boron minerals in our country. Boron residues have attracted the attention of researchers for years. In this study, it includes shaping and sintering the samples obtained by mixing boron wastes with another waste, fly ash, in different proportions. The tests applied to the building materials were applied to the sintered samples. As a result of the study on the evaluation of these wastes, which pose a major environmental problem, a building material with low water absorption and porosity and high bulk density was obtained.

Investigation of the Effect of Al2O3 Nano Particle Reinforcement Ratio on Mechanical and Structural Properties in Waste Aluminum Matrix Composite Materials Manufactured by Stir Casting Method

Mehmet DİRİLMİŞMuhammed GÖKSOY — 2026-07-16

In this study, Aluminum matrix material to be used in composite material was produced by recycling waste beverage cans. Metal matrix nano composite (MMNK) was produced by stirring casting method by adding 78nm sized alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles at 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% weight ratios to the matrix material obtained from waste aluminum. The mechanical and structural properties of nano-composite materials were investigated by performing tensile test, 3-point bending test, Archimedes principal density test and microstructure tests on the obtained (MMNK) composites. The breaking stress increased from 119.55 N/mm2 to 143.56 N/mm2 with the increase in the weight percent of alumina added to the composite; bending stress increased from 287.82 N/mm2 to 336.27 N/mm2 and the highest breaking and bending stress values were obtained at a rate of 1.5% by weight. From the microstructural analysis, it was observed that the alumina particle distribution was homogeneously distributed in the composite material.

Optical characterization of ZnCuO and CdCuO composite thin films prepared using equal ratio of Zn, Cd and Cu.

SITKI AKTAŞ — 2026-07-16

In this work, optical properties of electrochemically deposited ZnCuO and CdCuO metal oxide composite semiconductors were investigated in the 300 – 850 nm wavelength range using UV-vis spectroscopy. The highest transmission (T%) value of the ZnCuO was 20%, while that of CdCuO was approximately 82%. Average reflectance values of ZnCuO and CdCuO were 8.14% and 3.8%, respectively. Maximum absorption coefficient, energy band gap, average extinction coefficient, average refractive index, average real dielectric constant, average imaginary dielectric constant, average dielectric loss and maximum optical conductivity values of ZnCuO composite thin film were 8 x 10⁶ m^-1, 2.33 eV, 0.29, 1.29, 1.59, 0.75, 0.47 and 2.6 x 10¹⁵, respectively, while these values of CdCuO composite thin film were respectively; 1.1 x 10⁶ m^-1, 2.71 eV, 0.04, 1.15, 1.32, 0.09, 0.07 and 3.04 x 10¹⁴.

Determination of the basic optical parameters of CdX (X=Se, S) thin films prepared with low concentration precursor solutions

Fatih ÜNAL — 2026-07-16

CdSe and CdS thin films, one of the II-VI group semiconductor compounds, were successfully grown by electrochemical deposition method using low concentrations of precursor solutions. Optical properties of the fabricated thin films were investigated in the 300 – 850 nm wavelength range. The absorption coefficients of CdSe and CdS thin films were found to be as 5.8 x 10⁵ m^-1and 8.9 x 10⁶ m^-1, respectively, and direct energy band gaps these thin films were determined 2.72 eV and 2.75 eV. While the average transmission value of the CdSe was 85%, that of the CdS was 8%. Additionally, extinction coefficient values of the CdSe and CdS thin films were defined as 0.033 and 0.51, respectively and refractive index values of these were determined as 1.14 and 1.35. Besides, optical dielectric constants of thin films were examined. While the real dielectric constant, imaginary dielectric constant, dielectric loss and optical conductivity values of the CdSe were 1.24, 0.05, 0.004 and 1.38x10¹⁴, those of CdS thin film were 1.51, 0.94, 0.64 and 2.49x10¹⁵.

Synthesis of Spherical Structure Graphitic Carbon and Its Characterization

Fadime ATEŞElif TAHTASAKAL ,Selin ŞAHİN SEVGİLİ — 2026-07-16

Adsorbent development studies for the removal of organic or inorganic pollutants polluting water, air and natural products in liquid or gas phases originating from areas such as industrial facilities, exhaust emissions from vehicles, cleaning materials have continued to be important in recent years. In this study, spherical polymeric activated carbon (PAK) synthesis and spherical graphitic carbon (GPAK) production studies obtained by graphitization of PAK were carried out. Initially, polymeric beads were synthesized by suspension polymerization method, then carbonized up to 700 °C and finally spherical PAK production was made by activating with water vapor at 830 °C. When the surface area and average pore diameter of the PAK produced by this method were measured with the BET device, it was determined that they were 1929,6465 m²/g and 34,054 Å, respectively. SEM and RAMAN spectroscopy of the PAK. As a result of all these characterization studies, it was determined that PAK has a spherical structure, hard and homogeneous micro-mesopore distribution. Graphitization studies were carried out from PAK at 1750°C in 6 hours and 10 L/min Argon flow rate, under inert atmospheric pressure and inert 20 mbar vacuum. Accordingly, the surface area (1237,2094 m²/g) of GPAK2 produced under vacuum was lower than that of GPAK1 (1787,1851 m²/g) produced in atmospheric environment. It was determined that the surface area decreased to 1231,2380 m²/g at 1750 °C in an inert vacuum atmosphere of 20 mbar and with the increase of the graphitization time from 6 hours to 10 hours. In addition, according to the SEM and Raman characterization results of the same products, it was determined that the GPAK3 product exhibited a more regular structure and underwent higher graphitization compared to the G band width and height.