Smart Home Structural Health Monitoring Using a BaTiO₃-Based Piezoelectric Sensor: Role of Nanostructure Dimensions in Frequency Response
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Abstract
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Abstract
This study presents a piezoelectric sensor system for smart homes aimed at monitoring the structural health of
residential buildings. The system employs a piezoelectric element with a calibrated resonance frequency of 100
MHz. When embedded in structural components such as walls, beams, or floors, mechanical changes— including
stress buildup, cracking, or compressive deformation—produce detectable shifts in resonance frequency.
Continuous monitoring enables early detection of deterioration and abnormal loads, enhancing safety and
resilience through real-time alerts for maintenance and risk management. Additionally, the influence of
nanostructure geometry on BaTiO₃-based nanogenerators is investigated. Under compressive loading, nanoneedles
with fixed edge lengths of 20 nm show a resonance frequency decrease from 40,463 Hz to 18,235 Hz as height
increases from 1–5 µm. In contrast, nanospheres with radii from 50–200 nm exhibit a rise in resonance frequency
from 0.054×10⁷ Hz to 10.87×10⁷ Hz. These findings highlight the critical role of nanostructure size in optimizing
piezoelectric systems for smart sensing applications.
